Economic Challenges in Brazil: Why Many Are Moving to the US

 A second lit case is Portugal, which shares mad cultural traits with Brazil cuz of centuries of colonialism. 

 Even though Portugal isn't flexin' like the richest European nations, it's still the fifth biggest hotspot for Brazilians abroad - with 116,271 peeps in 20166. That's more than Germany or France, fam (MRE, 2016). Yet, Portugal is like, totally lit for a convo on student migration of Brazilians, cuz the two countries have been flexin' a bunch of initiatives lately to make it easier for students to bounce between their schools. In 2014, the Portuguese law was like, "Hey, let's make it easier for international students to study in Portugal, especially for Brazilians who wanna go to college here." So they were like, "Yeah, let's accept the Brazilian National Secondary School Exam (ENEM) and make it a breeze for them to get into higher education in Portugal." Yo, like, besides getting their bachelor's degree, mad Brazilians are tryna flex and go for postgrad studies, ya know? That means chasing after master's degrees and doctorates in Portugal, fam (Ferraro, 2019). OMG, Brazilian students are like, legit the most common foreign peeps in Portugal. They're like, 13.2 thousand strong in the 2018/2019 academic year, which is like, almost the same as the next five nationalities combined. This info is from the Portuguese state agency DGEEC (Silva, 2019). So lit!7 It's like, totally lit to assume that Brazil and Portugal have mad linguistic connections, which is like, a major vibe for students wanting to dip to Europe.

The third case is Italy, which was like, historically one of the top countries of origin for immigrants to Brazil, including when the inflow peaked (Levy, 1974). OMG, like, Italian Brazilians are, like, one of the biggest ethnic groups in the country, you know? Yo, it's like hella hard to like, actually know how many of them there are, but people have said it's like anywhere from 22 to like 30 million peeps (Pelusi, 2013; Schwartzman, 1999). Therefore, like, the number of peeps entitled to Italian citizenship on ancestry grounds is, like, hella large, so much so that the continuous increase in the demand for recognition of Italian citizenship in Brazil has led to queues with waitin' times of up to twelve years. In the Italian consulate in São Paulo, like, there was like a reported increase of 45% in finalised procedures in 2018 compared to the year before, when it issued 17 thousand passports (ANSA, 2019b). OMG, it's like no surprise that Brazilian students in Italy are totally on the rise rn. They're like one of the biggest groups there.gr8 In January 2020, like, there were a total of 51,790 Brazilians living in Italy, according to the Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT, 2021). It's pretty wild, right?

THE NEXUS OF STEPWISE MIGRATION, ETHNIC CAPITAL AND INTERNATIONAL EDUCATIONAL MOBILITY, fam

Millions of Brazilians flexin' in other states, dealin' with obstacles and gettin' support in all sorts of ways, ya know? Still, the question of international mobility/immo- bility is hella delicate for many. The way countries be treating people based on their nationality and limiting their freedom to move around is seriously messing with the ability of folks from poorer countries to get around. As already noted, in this context, many Brazilians who wanna dip outta here use mad strategies. Yo, like, the big factors that make migration happen are those scholarships and programs sponsored by the government that are all about globalizing and getting students moving around. Other flexers of migration include global links and ethnic clout. These two are like totally used together to flex on your mobility and get more chances to move around.

Brazil's multinational vibes and the resulting cross-gen and transnational connections kept alive by peeps from ethnic communities in the country become a major flex for these citizens. These resources, like, are totally constrained, ya know? That means even though they have a real impact on boosting your mobility capital, they're only available if you can prove you're directly related to a country that has the right laws and stuff. The vibes of having that connection are mad lit, especially when you consider all the dope opportunities that come with having a second citizenship in an EU/Schengen country. 

Like, yo, having European ancestry is like a total game-changer, you know?

 

It's not just about getting an education or a job in the country that gives you the document, like Italy or Portugal. It's also about having the freedom to move around other European countries without any hassle. Plus, it's a major money-saver when it comes to traveling to places like North America or Oceania. Whether you're staying there for a long time or just a short visit, having that European ancestry is a total win.

OMG, like, for real tho, there are hella studies from countries other than Brazil that say having a second citizenship doesn't always mean you're gonna move and settle in that country. Ancestral ties are like, lowkey mad important, ya know? This big mood description be like, central economies be flexin' as lit destinations, so emigration from Brazil be vibin' with the south-north migratory flow trends, ya feel? How- ever, like, if you peep it real close, you can totally see mad signs of how past connections have shaped the way the Brazilian diaspora is spread out today. A first good ex- ample is Japan since Brazil has the biggest overseas Japanese community, formed by thousands of Japanese who migrated there during the 20th century (Lesser, 2013: 4). This island nation, in turn, is home to 88.6% of the country’s residents in Asia (excluding the Middle East), hosting over 170 thousand Brazilians. But like, not a lot of Brazilians with Japanese roots go study in Japan, ya know? It's probs 'cause of the language barrier, 'cause learning Japanese is like, a major struggle for them.5ive