How the USA and Canada Are Navigating Post-Crisis Recovery

By reconstructing essential facilities, the state may address the underlying causes of disasters and promote long-term, fair recovery. In Chapter 10, Huang et al. analyze the economic impact of disasters and propose measures to improve recovery and attain long-term sustainability. The authors employ a recursive general equilibrium model to evaluate the economic effects and cost-effectiveness of enacting good fiscal policies in Nepal after the 2015 earthquake. The study attempts to create a framework for analyzing the impact and costs of recovery measures in Nepal, including sectoral compensation/subsidies. The chapter suggests using build-forward-better initiatives, such as investing in renewable energy to provide a reliable power supply and lessen vulnerability. The chapter concludes that Nepal's economy can profit from increased foreign trade volume, reducing the need for domestic output following a disaster.

Indigenous people, often known as First Nations, have employed various techniques. 

To manage disasters. Their knowledge can considerably enhance our understanding of disaster management. In Chapter 11, Shukla emphasizes the value of Indigenous knowledge in environmental management. This chapter synthesizes public discourse on indigenous environmental conservation practices. The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) encourages the integration of local and Indigenous knowledge into global climate science and policy. Indigenous knowledge plays an important role in disaster management and restoration. In Chapter 12, Ishiwatari, Aldrich, and Sasaki analyze financial support strategies for house rehabilitation in Japan after natural disasters. The chapter highlights the importance of financial support for housing restoration during catastrophe recovery. However, there is no consensus on how governments and impacted individuals should share the duty and costs of home restoration. The chapter examines Japan's financial support programs for housing restoration since the Great Hanshin-Awaji (Kobe) Earthquake in 1995, when the Japanese government enacted legislation to rebuild individual everyday lives.Previously, the central government did not support survivors' personal assets harmed by calamities. After the Western Tottori Earthquake in 2000, the Tottori Prefecture administration prioritized house restoration as a crucial step towards community rehabilitation. In 2007, the national government provided help for house reconstruction. vulnerability during calamities like floods, but older individuals also confront distinct issues. Disadvantages may include difficulty obtaining catastrophe information and warning signs, lower compliance with evacuation orders, physical constraints in evacuation, and higher risk of health deterioration during disasters. Older persons may live in secluded areas or lack interest in finding information, leaving them more exposed to natural disasters. Policymakers must comprehend the scale of an aging population and its correlation.

The chapter covers Japan's experience after the Great East Japan Earthquake.

Which needed relocation for rehabilitation. The national government covered the costs of creating relocation locations for those who were displaced. Local governments created distinct support schemes to rehabilitate individual residences and prevent population outflows. The chapter suggests that financial assistance for private property reconstruction can benefit local communities in their recovery efforts. Without financial help for housing restoration, individuals may abandon their communities, resulting in community disintegration. There are no established criteria for cost-sharing between governments and victims, and Japan is still determining the proper level of financial help. The chapter argues that governments should assist vulnerable groups, such as elders and low-income individuals, who cannot afford to rebuild their homes. The chapter emphasizes integrating non-monetary and financial support for housing help, such as transition shelters and insurance.This chapter reviews research on post-disaster reconstruction in various nations and provides critical lessons for policies and programs aimed at rebuilding and restoring losses for affected individuals. The chapter presents a paradigm that connects post-disaster reconstruction projects, personal characteristics of impacted individuals, the social and institutional environment, and well-being. The evaluation and framework underline that post-disaster reconstruction should prioritize the well-being of affected individuals. The Asia-Pacific region has significant hurdles in protecting itself against natural disasters.

The region is densely inhabited and accounts for a considerable share of the world

Population. However, the population is aging and seniors are becoming more dependent. The demographic transition has substantial consequences for disaster management and resilience, as older persons are disproportionately affected by such catastrophes. Natural catastrophes have a greater impact on the urban poor, who make up a significant share of the region's population. Resilience is especially important for the urban poor, who typically lack resources and support structures, leaving them vulnerable. This chapter aims to give policymakers with a comprehensive overview of post-disaster recovery difficulties and effective methods in the region.The Asia and Pacific area experiences over 45% of worldwide natural disasters, affecting over 75% of the population (UNFPA 2018). Climate change increases vulnerability, particularly for Pacific island states under pressure to adapt quickly. The region faces ongoing crises and conflicts, exacerbated by natural disasters, and is home to more than half of the global refugee population (UNFPA 2018). Individuals in Asia and Pacific are five times more vulnerable to natural disasters than other regions (Yi, 2017). Natural catastrophes have caused trillions of dollars in economic losses in the region, and damage prices continue to rise. Natural catastrophes in Asia and Pacific are frequent and severe, highlighting the need for appropriate compensation and restoration solutions.Japan's population is rapidly aging, rendering it increasingly vulnerable to natural calamities. Natural disasters disproportionately affect older persons, making this demographic shift important for disaster management and resilience efforts. Older persons are more vulnerable to flood-related mortality. Public health studies have historically concentrated on children's.

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